notes za malenga wapya,uhakiki wa shairi la malenga wapya.

UHAKIKI WA MASHAIRI YA MALENGA WAPYA

\MWANDISHI: TAASISI YA KISWAHILI, ZANZIBAR
WACHAPISHAJI: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
MWAKA: 2001
JINA LA KITABU

Jina la kitabu linasadifu yaliyomo katika kitabu. Kwa upande wa maudhui mambo yanayoelezwa mengi yanaigusa jamii ya sasa. Masuala ya maadili, siasa, uchumi, ukombozi wa kiutamaduni changamoto na suluhisho ya matatizo yanayoikumba jamii yanaendana na wakati wa sasa. Hivyo upya wa malenga wapya ni kweli. Kifani pia Malenga wapya wameweka muundo na mtindo wa kisasa.

Malenga wapya ni kitabu kichaozungumzia masuala mbalimbali ya kijami kama vile ukombozi wa mwanamke, umuhimu wa kilimo, umhumimu wa kuondoa matatizo katika jamii, ukombozi wa mwanamke, umuhimu wa kilimo na kadhalika.

MAUDHUI

A : DHAMIRA

1)       Suala la uongozi bora na uwajibikaji

Suala la uongozi limejadiliwa katika pande zote mbili za uongozi mzuri na uongozi mbaya. Waandishi wameonesha yote haya wakiwa na lengo la kuikomboa jamii. Wamesisitiza kuhusu uongozi bora mfano katika shairi la “Payuka” anawaasa viongozi kuwa watekelezaji wa yale wanayoyaahidi na sio kuwa wapayukaji tu. Mfano ubeti wa pili anasema

“Kupayuka kwenu huko,                                                                                                                                            Mbona tu kokoriko,                                                        Sioni linalokuwa.”

Pia katika shairi la “Puuzo” anawakanya viongozi wasiowajibika kutekeleza majukumu yao na kuacha uzembe. Anawaasa kujituma na kufanya kazi kwa bidii kwani ni wajibu wao. Anasema katika ubeti wa kwanza

 “Ofisini ukifika, wajitia pirika,                                                                                                                                                          Haja unayoitaka mwenyewe tahangaika,                                                                                                                 Wajifanya hawajali.”

2)       Ukombozi wa kiuchumi

Mwandishi anaona kuwa ili jamii ikomboke kiuchumi yapo mambo ya msingi kutekelezwa. Miongoni mwa mambo hayo ni kufanya kazi kwa bidii na kuacha uvivu. Mfano katika shairi la “Charuka” tunaambiwa kuwa,

“Charuka baba haraka, na mfano kuonyesha,                                                                                                    Charuka upate vuka, mikondo hii maisha,                                                                                                               Charukeni kina kaka, na dada nawaamsha,                                                                                                                Basi tena kulegea, charuka chacha rukaka.”

Pia anakazia suala la kilimo kama ndio msingi wa kujikomboa kichumi katika shairi la “Adui” na katika shairi la “Mkulima”anaonesha umuhimu wa kumthamini mkulima na kilimo. Vikiwa kama vigezo vya maendeleo nchini mwetu. Mfano katika shairi la “Adui” anasema;

 “Tulime jama tulime, tushinde adui njaa,                                                                                                                    Hapa kwetu ituhame, kwingine kutokomea,                                                                                                                Wala sisi tusikome, chakula kujilimi                                                                                                                                Tutie jembe mpini, tuteremke shambani”.

Pia katika shairi la “Tuyazingatie haya” mwandishi anataja mambo ambayo anaamini kuwa yakizingatiwa yataweka uchumi kuwa imara kama vile, kuchapa kazi, kukomesha ubaguzi kutopora mali za serkali, kushirikiana, kukosoana na kuepuka tamaa. Mfano ubeti wa pili anasema;

“Uchumi kuufufua, si hotuba refu sana,                                                                                                                              Moja litalosaidia, ni kwa kuhamasishana,                                                                                                                                Jengine lafuatia, sote kushirikiana,                                                                                                                          Tuyazingatie haya, wala tusirudi nyuma.”

3)       Ukombozi wa mwanamke

Mwandishi kwa kutambua nafasi muhimu ya mwanamke katika jamii, hakusita kuikumbusha jamii juu ya kuwaheshimu, kuwathamini, kuwapa uhuru na kupinga tamaduni zote zinazomkandamiza mwanamke. Anaamini kuwa kumkandamiza mwanamke ni kuikandamiza jamii. Anayazungumzia haya katika shairi la “Kifungo”, “Hina inapapatuka”, “Raha”. Mfano katika shairi la “kifungo” ubeti wa saba anasema;

“Kwa kuwa mwanamke, ndani mnanifutia,                                                                                                           Lazima nje nitoke, kupata ninayotaka,                                                                                                        Nimechoshwa na upweke , sitaki kudhalilishika,                                                                                                             Kifungo kimenichosha, minyororo nafungua.”

Pia katika shairi la “Hina inapapatuka” anawahamasisha wanawake kukazana na kushikilia vipaumbele vya maendeleo, anasema:

Nasaha ninatamka, mabibi nawaambia,                                                                                                                              Uzi mulioshika, msije kuwaachia,                                                                                                                                  Ogopeni kina kaka, yenu nkutowavunjia,                                                                                                                         Unyonge inaondoa, hina inapapatuka”.

4)       Suala maadili mema na maonyo

• Umuhimu Wa kuwa na kauli nzuri

Mwandishi katika shairi la “Ulimi” anawaasa watu kuwa ulimi mzuri kwa maana ya kuongea vizuri na watu kwa adabu, na heshima. Anaona kuwa ulimi ni kiungo kidogo lakini kinaweza kusababisha matatizo au mambo mazuri. Anauasa ulimi akisema;

“Usiropokeropoke, kwa wenzio kwanza sema,                                                                                          Usipachikepachike, maneno yasiyo mema,                                                                                                               Useme wanufaike kwa kauli yako njema,                                                                                                                                    Ewe ulimi sikia!

• Umuhimu wa kutenda wema kwa binadamu wenzetu

Mwandishi anaona kuwa wanajamii wanapaswa kutenda wema kwa wanajamii wenzao kwani matokeo ya wema ni mafanikio na shukrani. Anasema katika shairi la “Hisani hulipwa”

“Akuulizae, uwapo na shida,                                                                                                                                      Akuteteae ukishambuliwa,                                                                                                                                           Akumurikae, uwapo na giza,                                                                                                                                                  Hisani hulipwa

• Umuhimu wa kuwa na subira katika maisha

Mwandishi anawaasa wanajamii kutokurupukia maisha hasa vijana. Katika shairi la “Siharakie maisha” Anaona upo umuhimu wa kufanya mambo kwa wakati na kuacha tamaa kwani kila jambo na wakati wake. Anawaasa wanafunzi kushikilia masomo na kutolimbukia mambo ambayo si wakati wake. Anasema;                                    “Punguza haraka zako,                                                                                                                                                 Badilisha mwendo wako,                                                                                                                                                          Subira ni chombo chako,                                                                                                                                                                                          Takutwisha kwenye fuko,                                                                                                                                                                    Usisahau usemi, subira yavuta heri.”

• Umuhimu wa kuishi vyema duniani

Katika shairi la “Ulimwengu” na “Maisha ni kama njia” mwandishi anaiambia jamii kuishi vizuri katika dunia kwani dunia ni mapito tu. Mfano katika shairi la “Maisha ni kama njia” anasema:

“Iweze yako suduri, binadamu zingatia,                                                                                                                              Kaa kutafakari, utende yalo sawia,                                                                                                                                Ubabe au kiburi, havitokusaidia,                                                                                                                                  Maisha ni kama njia, tukumbuke akhiria”.

 Pia katika shairi la “Ulimwengu” mwandishi anawaambia wanajamii kuwa katika dunia kuna mambo mengi mabaya na mazuri hivyo ni budi kuyavumilia na kuendanana nayo vizuri. Anasema ubeti wa nne;

“Umbile vile lilivyo, ni umbo la mitihani,                                                                                                       Usilendeshe visivyo, litakupa hamkani,                                                                                                                   Ambaa hebu rudivyo, ulimwengu ni shetani,                                                                                                           Ulimwengu!

• Uaminifu katika ndoa           

Suala la ndoa kwa jinsi anavyosema mwandishi uaminifu ndio jambo la msingi kwani huleta upendo na amani kwa familia. Anawashauri wanaume kujali familia zao na kuwa na mahusiano mengine nje ya ndoa. Katika shairi la “Kwanini” anasema;

“Mke wake, atamwacha, singizini,                                                                                                                                        Atoroke, parakacha, migombani,                                                                                                                                    Kumbe kake, anakocha, mwa jirani,

Kwanini?”                                                                                                                                                                  Mume pesa, apeleke, chumbageni,                                                                                                                                Azitesa, toto zake, firauni,                                                                                                                                                 Apepesa, mwendo wake, ulevini,                                                                                                                                  Kwanini”.

• Matumizi mazuri ya pesa

Mwandishi anaona upo umuhimu wa kutofuja pesa. Anashauri watu kuwa na utamaduni wa kuweka akiba. Anaona kuwa ufujaji pesa ni dhambi na si haki. Katika shairi la “Israfu”

“Mali ulojichumia,                                                                                                                                                         Ni yako nakubalia,                                                                                                                                                     Lakini kiangalia,                                                                                                                                                           Vipi unaitumia,                                                                                                                                                         Mwenzangu nakuusia, israfu haifai.”

• Kuzingatia dini na kumuabudu Mungu

Mwandishi anawaasa wanadamu kutii maadili ya dini zao. Kwani misingi ya dini huelekeza watu katika mema. Anasema haya katika shairi la “Maisha ni kama njia”. Ubeti wa tano anasema;

“Tamati nawashauri, tumuabudu jalia                                                                                                                                       Ibada na tukithiri, na kutenda yenye njia,                                                                                                                  Twenda kila mahali shubiri, hukumu yatung                                                                                                             Maisha ni kama njia, tukumbuke akhiria”

5)       Suala la Mapenzi

Katika shairi la “Ua” na katika shairi la “Nipate wapi mwingine” waandishi wanaona kuwa mapenzi ya dhati na ya kweli ni jambo jema. Anawataka watu kuthamini na kuwaheshimu wapenzi wao na binadamu wengine. Mfano katika shairi la “Ua” anasema;

“Ua limejituliza, mtini laning’inia,                                                                                                                               Mwenyewe laniliwaza, furahani laniti                                                                                                                            Ua sasa limepea, macho walikodolea.”

Pia katika shairi la “Nipate wapi mwingine” mwandishi anazungumzia jinsi ilivyo kazi kupata mpenzi wa kweli. Dunia sasa imebadilika watu hupenda vitu vingine badala ya kuwa na mapenzi ya kweli yanayojali utu wa mtu. Mwandishi anayaita kuwa hayo ni mapenzi ya ulaghai. Mashairi ya “Utanikumbuka” linaasa juu ya usaliti katika mapenzi kuwa haufai. Shairi la “Kuunge” na “kitendawili” yanakazia zaidi juu ya kuwa na msimamo katika mapenzi. Anafananisha watu wasio na mapenzi ya kweli na Njiwa anayerukaruka asiyetulia. Mwandishi anasema;

“Wapo wafugaji tele, madebe wamepachika,                                                                                                                     Na njiwa wapo milele, watu hawendi kutaka,                                                                                                          Kutwa waweka kelele, wapanda mara kushuka,                                                                                                       Njiwa ameshanitoka, nipate wapi mwingine”.

 Mwandishi anayaita kuwa hayo ni mapenzi ya ulaghai

6)       Umuhimu wa wosia

Suala la kutoa wosia kwa mwanadamu ni jambo la muhimu sana pindi anapokufa. Suala hili huepusha migogoro na malumbano kwa wanafamilia wanaobaki. Katika shairi la “Nini wanangu” anasema:

“Shikamaneni wanangu, siku yangu ikifika.                                                                                                           Mutamakani kichungu, musije kutawanyika,                                                                                                             Kiondoeni kizungu, mshike mliposhika,                                                                                                                     Sizidi nasaha zangu!”.

7)       Suala la ukombozi wa kifikra

Mwandishi anaitaka jamii kukomboka kifikra. Mambo haya anayazungumzia katika shairi la “Usiwe bendera”. Suala la kuwa na msimamo binafsi na thabiti katika maamuzi ya mambo ni jambo la msingi katika maisha ya kila siku. Anaona kuna athari ya kuendeshwa au kuamuliwa mambo kama bendera inavofuata upepo. Mfano;

“Tumia zako fikrazo, pima yanofaa,                                                                                                                           Tazama kikwazo, wapi chatokea,                                                                                                                                   Pima na uwezo, wakukifanyia,                                                                                                                                  Usiwe bendera, kufata upepo”.

8)       Utetezi wa haki

Mashairi ya “Mpaka lini”, “Samaki mtungoni” “Sokomoko” yanazungumzia juu ya ukosefu wa haki. Mahali popote hapawezi kuwa na amani bila kuwepo haki. Hivyo mwandishi anaeleza:

“Msema kweli, kwenu ninyi ni chagizo,                                                                                                                    Mtaka hali, havuki mbele ya vikwazo,                                                                                                                       Mwongo sana, kwenu ninyi ni kigezo,                                                                                                                             Mpaka lini mtatuchezea?”

Katika shairi la “Samaki mtungoni” mwandishi anaona kuwa kwa sababu ya ukosefu wa haki watu hudhulumiwa na kuteswa anafananisha wadhulumu haki na wavuvi anasema:

“Haki yao mepotea, na heshima kuondoka,                                                                                                                 Mebaki waning’inia, mtungoni mepangika,                                                                                                                   Bwana amechachamaa,nyumbani kwenda kupika,                                                                                                         Leo wako mtungoni, huzuni imewakumba.

9)       Utabaka na unyonyaji na unyanyaswaji

Mambo ya matabaka ndiyo yanayochangia kunyanyaswa, kunyonywa na kukandamizwa. Matabaka ambayo waandishi wanayazungumiza ni matabaka ya kiuchumi, kijamii na kisisasa. Katika shairi la “Samaki mtungoni” samaki anachorwa kama mtu mnyonge na mvuvi akiwa ni mwenye mabavu. Anaonesha jinsi watu wasivokuwa na uhuru bali kukandamizwa na kuteswa. Hili limewekwa wazi ili kupiga vita mambo hayo katika jami. Anasema:

“Huzuni imewakumba, raha zao kutoweka,                                                                                                                             Mvuvi amewasomba, mtungoni kuwaweka,                                                                                                                           Hakuna wa kumuomba, msamaha kuutaka,                                                                                                                               Leo wako mtungoni huzuni imewakumba.”

Pia katika shairi la “Bahari” mwandishi anawapiga vita viongozi na watawala wanaowanyanyasa wananchi wenzao.

“Hudai ni haki yao, mola amewajaalia,                                                                                                       Kuwadhulumu wenzao,                                                                                                                                                          wao Nao kwa unyonge wao, wadogo wateketea,                                                                                                                  Bahari ina hatari, wala usiichezee.”

Vilevile katika shairi la “Punda” mwandishi anaelezea jinsi ambavyo watu wa hali ya chini wanavyoendelea kuonewa na kuteswa kama Punda. Anaishauri jamii kukemea suala hili na kusaidiana kuwainua wanyonge na sio kuendelea kuwanyonya.

“Toka ulipozaliwa, maishayo ni kizogo,                                                                                                               Hujapata kuenziwa, waishi trigivyogo,                                                                                                                      Nawe hujajielewa, u kiumbe hu kigo                                                                                                                         Kama ungefadhiliwa usingebeba mizigo                                                                                                                 Hakika ulionewa hustahili kipigo,                                                                                                                                      Haki umeitambua, idadi japo kidogo”.

B;  FALSAFA

Falsafa ya waandishi wa mashairi ya “Malenga wapya” ni kuwa jamii inaweza kubadilika kiuchumi na kupata maendeleo kama itafanya kazi kwa bidii bila kuzembea, wanaamini kupingwa kwa utabaka na unyonyaji ni suluhu ya amani na maendeleo. Wanaamini pia ukiishi vizuri duniani utafanikiwa, wanasisitiza kutenda wema. Haki usawa na ushirikiano ni chachu ya maendeleo.

C; MTAZAMO

Mtazamo wa waandishi ni wa kiyakinifu kwani mambo wanayoyaeleza kama vile namna ya kutatua matatizo katika jamii. Mambo wanayoyapendekeza yanawezekana kutimizika mfano uwepo wa haki, kupinga utabaka, unyonyaji, kufanya kazi vizuri kuweka akiba na matumizi mazuri ya pesa na mambo mengine mengi.

D; MSIMAMO

Msimamo wa kimapinduzi  ni msimamo wa waandishi wa diwani hii. Mambo wanayoyaeleza yanalenga kuleta mapinduzi katika jamii mfano kupiga vita adui uvivu, kupinga dhuluma, kupinga maovu yote. Hiyo ni ishara kuwa wanalenga kuibadilisha jamii. Wanatoa pia changamoto na suluhu ya matatizo katika utekelezaji wa mambo mbalimbali ya kimaendeleo katika jamii kama vile  kufanya kazi kwa bidii na kuzingatia maadili.

E ; UJUMBE

• Kufanya kazi kwa bidii ni chachu ya mendeleo
• Uaminifu katika ndoa, mapenzi ya kweli ni jambo la msingi
• Matumizi mazuri ya pesa husaidia kuwa na akiba nzuri na kupunguza umaskini
• Kilimo ndio uti wa mgongo wa uchumi, si budi kukithamini
• Kauli nzuri huepusha migogoro na chuki
• Kumkomboa mwanamke ni kuikomboa jamii, hivyo si budi kupinga tamaduni zinazomkandamiza
• Tunaaswa kupinga utabaka. Kutetea haki na kupuuza unyonyaji ili kuleta usawa katika maisha
• Viongozi walaghai na wasaliti hawafai kwa maendeleo hivyo tunaaswa kuwa makini kuchagua viongozi bora na kuwawajibisha
• wasiofaa.

Maswali ya mazoezi

1. Maadili mema na maonyo yamejadiliwa na washairi wa diwani. Onesha mjadala huo kwa kutumia diwani mbili.
2. Ni kwa vipi muundo na mtindo wa ushairi hutofautiana na muundo wa riwaya na tamthilya? Tetea jibu lako kwa kuonesha jinsi muundo na mtindo wa ushairi ulivyo.
3. Ujenzi wa taswira katika kazi za kifasihi hutufanya tuhisi au kuona kabisa uhalisia wa mambo ulivyo. Jadili kwa kutumia diwani mbili ulizosoma.
4. Waandishi wa kazi za fasihi ni walimu? Jadili.
5. Mtazamo, msimamo na falsafa ya mwandishi hututhibitishia ukweli wa mawazo yake katika kazi yake. Fafanua.