Explain how remote sensing is applicable for weather forecasting.



QUESTION;    Explain how remote sensing is applicable for weather forecasting.
Batton (1973) “Remote sensing refers to the actuaries of obtaining information about an object by a sensor without being direct contact with it. It real in of meteorology, the information of interests includes, among other, the location and development of weather such as rainstorms, tropical cyclones, cold and warm fronts.”
Paul (2006) argue that “Remote sensing is collection of data by detecting the energy that is reflected from earth. Thise sensor can be on satellite or mounted on aircraft.”
According to Abdulrahaman (2010) “Remote sensing is the collection of information relating to object without being physical in contact with them.”
Remote sensing is the science of obtaining information about object or areas from a distance, typically from aircraft or satellite.
According to Cambridge Advance learners (2002) “Weather forecasting is application of science in technology to predict the state of atmosphere for a given location at short period of time.”
Weather forecasting is application of current technology and science to predict the state of atmosphere for future time and a given location.
Application of remote sensing span a wide range of field. This includes meteorology, hydrology, oceanography, mapping and cartography, land use planning, agriculture, fisheries, archeology and geological study. Typical remote sensing equipments for meteorological uses include:-.
Meteorological satellite that detects clouds and moisture in the atmosphere and weather radar that prob rain areas. Remote sensing is applicable in weather forecasting as follows:-
To record and interpret the sun light as reflected back from clouds and the earth surface, through sensors which carries different information from the clouds where by thick clouds and snow is shown in bright white color in the images. Land and sea without any cloud cover have low albedo, hence appear in dark grey. The source of visible light comes from the sun, visible satellite images are not available at night and reflection from any clouds, the earth’s surface vary with solar altitudes.
            Typhoon Wukong                                                      Hong Kong

        Source: The image was captured by GMS-5 of Japan Meteorological Agency
 (8:30 a.m. Hong Kong Time) on 8 September 2000)
The infrared images radiation recorded on the images is measure of temperature decrease with height in the atmosphere, high clouds are colder and amounts less infrared radiation them low clouds.
             Typhoon Wukong                           HongKong
Source: The image was captured by GMS-5 of Japan Meteorological Agency

To record and interprete water vapour carried by the radiations. It records radiation emitted from water vapour, as radiation from the low clouds and the earth’s surface do not normally reach the satellite. The intensity of the radiation received at the sensor depends on the amount of water vapuor in the mid and upper atmosphere as well as the temperature of the radiation source. If the upper atmosphere is moist, radiation emitted from water vapour there will be received by the sensor and appears in brighter shade. When the upper atmosphere is dry, radiations originating from water vapour in the middle atmosphere will reach the radiometers and will appear in dark shades. Therefore dark color indicates dries air while the brighter color indicates moisture in the mid and upper atmosphere.
Also, it is applicable in meteorological satellite. They are necessary used in weather forecasting and warming services. Because of their importance, they can be used to keep track of weather system days before they come close to an areas. These satellite are also applicable in monitoring of tropical cyclones, thunderstorms, flooding, observation of volcanic eruption and thunderstorms and rain system.
   Dark shade (Dry zone)         Typhoon Haiyan                 Bright shade (moistzone)

Source: The image was captured by GMS-5 of Japan Meteorological Agency at 11:32UTC (07:32
  p.m. Hong Kong Time) on 15 October 2001.

It is applicable in weather radars which measure rain reflectivity as well as Doppler winds. Because weather radar have higher spatial resolution them many meteorological satellites. They can reveal final detects on the rainfall intensity variation within rain bands. Usually weather radar take images more frequently than meteorological satellite. Therefore, they are ideal for monitoring rapid change in rainfall intensity of rain areas and prove to be very useful for short range weather forecasting and warming.

Generally, Remote sensing is an advanced and technological methods applied weather forecasting especially weather radar which has capability to detect winds Meteorological satellite now days can also a estimates the winds near the sea surface from the space. This kind of satellite is called quick scat. They carries micro waves radar to measure the back scattered micro waves signal from the sea waves to reduce near surface wind speed and direction under all weather and clouds condition. This is particular useful to locating and tracking tropical cyclones on the oceans.

















REFERENCES
Abdulrahaman, K.A. (2O1O). Remote Sensing: (1st  Ed). Department Applied Science University of
  Technology: Iraq
Bartton, L.G. (1973). Radar Observation of the Atmosphere: The University of Chicago Press.
Cambridge Advanced Learners. (2002). Dictionary and Thesaurus: Cambridge University Press.
Paul, M.W. (2006). Remote Sensing Application with Meteorological Satellite: NOAA Satellite and
                     Information Service: University of Wisconsin Madison.
Online sources;
On Weather Radar and Meteorological Satellite

Accessed on 12:32 p.m  11th  Feb. 2016
http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/radars/index.htm
Accessed on 08:48 a.m 12th Feb. 2016
http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/quicklook/last_2_cal.html
Accessed on 02:30 a.m 12th Feb. 2016
http://www.everythingweather.com/weather-radar/principles.shtml

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